The 14th Five-Year Plan promotes the implementation of prefabricated buildings and the development of tropical building materials in Hainan Province, China. As a tropical island, Hainan faces significant challenges in prefabricated construction due to its climate, environmental conditions, and component standardization issues. Prefabrication at the factory level serves as a starting point to enhance standardization in building construction. This paper categorizes standardized component libraries, establishes key design principles, and proposes a BIM-based construction methodology. The study results indicate that 1,456 prefabricated slabs have been standardized into twelve slab types for tropical building construction. Standardizing components improves efficiency, reduces waste, and enhances adaptability to tropical conditions. However, further research is needed to integrate advanced materials that offer better durability in extreme weather. Besides, industry collaboration is essential to refining design guidelines and expanding the application of standardized prefabricated components.