The frequency support capability of each wind turbine (WT) within a wind farm and neighboring wind farms varies due to factors such as location, wind direction, operating conditions, and wake effect. To fully utilize the frequency support potential of wind farms, output power should be allocated to each WT based on its individual state. This chapter proposes a distributed adaptive leaderless consensus control (DALC) scheme and a two-level distributed consensus (TLDC) control scheme for wind farms to achieve fast frequency support. In the DALC scheme, a leaderless consensus algorithm is used among WTs to exchange operational information with neighbors, ensuring reasonable power allocation. Additionally, frequency regulation coefficients adaptively change to ensure safe WT operation. After the frequency support stage, a preset recovery control is proposed to mitigate the second frequency drop (SFD) during the restoration stage. In the TLDC scheme, Level I is a leader-follower control equipped within the wind farms, and Level II is a leaderless control used among the wind farms. TLDC can assign different power commands to various WTGs in the system to achieve better frequency support and stability. Based on MATLAB/Simulink and Opal-RT real-time simulation platforms, the two-area power system and Guangshui system (a 100% renewable energy power system) are analyzed, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed DALC and TLDC methods outperform other frequency support methods and can flexibly respond to communication interruptions and delays.

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Distributed Adaptive Control of Large-Scale Wind Farms for Fast Frequency Support

  • Wei Yao,
  • Yongxin Xiong,
  • Hongyu Zhou,
  • Jinyu Wen

摘要

The frequency support capability of each wind turbine (WT) within a wind farm and neighboring wind farms varies due to factors such as location, wind direction, operating conditions, and wake effect. To fully utilize the frequency support potential of wind farms, output power should be allocated to each WT based on its individual state. This chapter proposes a distributed adaptive leaderless consensus control (DALC) scheme and a two-level distributed consensus (TLDC) control scheme for wind farms to achieve fast frequency support. In the DALC scheme, a leaderless consensus algorithm is used among WTs to exchange operational information with neighbors, ensuring reasonable power allocation. Additionally, frequency regulation coefficients adaptively change to ensure safe WT operation. After the frequency support stage, a preset recovery control is proposed to mitigate the second frequency drop (SFD) during the restoration stage. In the TLDC scheme, Level I is a leader-follower control equipped within the wind farms, and Level II is a leaderless control used among the wind farms. TLDC can assign different power commands to various WTGs in the system to achieve better frequency support and stability. Based on MATLAB/Simulink and Opal-RT real-time simulation platforms, the two-area power system and Guangshui system (a 100% renewable energy power system) are analyzed, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed DALC and TLDC methods outperform other frequency support methods and can flexibly respond to communication interruptions and delays.