Climate of earth is changing very fast resulting in global warming including rising temperature and acidity of oceans, melting glaciers, depleting ground water level, increasing floods, changing pattern of rains, increasing events of extreme weather that are threatening all life forms including changing microbial communities. Climate change cause structural, physiological and ecological disruptions in microbial communities and may result in increased prevalence of plant and animal pathogens. Microbial communities are responsible for emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that contribute to green house gases. Methane is approximately 25 times more efficient at trapping heat than carbon dioxide and lowering of concentration of methane in atmosphere may slow down the global warming. Scientists have discovered that more than 50% of the methane emissions come from human and animal activities and if the physiology of rumen microbes is so regulated to produce lesser amounts of methane, it can reduce harmful impact of green house gases (GHG). The changing climate determine the pattern of microbial communities e.g. Vibrio spp. have expanded in warmer waters and increasing acidity of oceans has led to disappearance of large number of microbial taxa besides the evolution of new species. The change of climate has induced environmental shifts exhibiting huge impact on human, animal and plant pathogens. The microbes have the capabilities to mitigate the negative impact of climate change as they have fast growth rates, large population and ability to share genetic information with other organisms. The viruses have the capabilities to infect bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae and other life forms and the infection by phages (viruses) may be used to shut down the carbon dioxide fixation during infection which can be exploited to reduce green house gases. Microbes can be exploited as solution for climate change and methanotrophs may be used to reduce methane emissions to mitigate the impact of global warming.