Climate change has the potential to disrupt the biodiversity of microorganisms, which are critical to ecosystems and nutrient cycling. External factors, especially climate change, have a significant impact on microbial symbiosis. Mycorrhizal fungi and other soil microbes contribute significantly to soil aggregation. Fungal hyphae bind soil particles, improving soil structure, aeration, and water retention, thereby improving soil health and stability, which is required for plant growth and ecosystem function. Microbial symbioses are critical to biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. In terms of environmental adaptation, microbes can assist hosts in surviving environmental stresses; for example, mycorrhizal fungi improve plant drought tolerance by increasing water absorption. Symbiotic relationships can help organisms adapt to changing climates. Lichens exhibit a symbiosis between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria, which plays an important ecological role in a variety of environments.