In the context of the information age, nurturing the online autonomous learning abilities of students majoring in Russian is crucial for enhancing the Russian language application skills of students in higher vocational education. Through a questionnaire survey, this paper explores the status of online autonomous learning in Russia among first- and second-year students in the Russian department of a higher vocational college. It analyzes the existing problems and offers targeted suggestions for teachers to cultivate students’ autonomous learning abilities in their instruction.