Since ancient times, the utilization of medicinal plants has been a practice that persists to this day. Each component of these plants has been shown to be abundant in phytochemicals, or bioactive compounds. However, rigorous scientific research has yet to determine the efficacy and safety of this substance due to its phytochemical composition and pharmacological actions. These plants have captivated a considerable number of researchers and policymakers due to their efficacy in combating high-burden global diseases, including cancer, diabetes, thalassaemia, HIV, and COVID-19. It is imperative to conduct comprehensive evaluations of the safety, efficacy, dosage, and adverse effects of these conventional drugs in order to ensure that they remain comparable to contemporary synthetic medications. The European Union (EU) regulatory framework oversees the distribution and approval of herbal remedies which include health claims, as well as the requisite scientific evidence to substantiate such claims. This chapter examines a number of these herbs and their capacity to treat diseases with a global impact, as well as the expanded involvement of scientific researchers and the European Union to promote the health claims of medicinal plants.