Cervical cancer, the fourth most prevalent female malignancy globally, presents a significant health challenge. This review synthesizes the advancements in cervical cancer treatments, particularly the combined approach of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy is effective for local control and can activate the immune system via immunogenic cell death, despite challenges such as damage to normal tissues. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has emerged as a promising treatment, showing efficacy in advanced or recurrent cervical cancer with lower side effects. The synergistic effect of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has demonstrated improved progression-free and overall survival in clinical trials. The integration of these therapies holds great potential, with ongoing research focusing on optimizing treatment strategies and managing challenges related to individualized treatment and cost. Despite the existing challenges, future research endeavors hold the promise of achieving more precise and effective treatments for cervical cancer.