This review paper presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the performance improvements achieved by incorporating waste vegetable oil (WVO) into asphalt binders. The study encompasses a thorough examination of various factors, including rheological characteristics, durability, environmental impacts, and economic viability. The results demonstrate that the utilization of WVO-modified asphalt binders offers a promising solution for environmentally friendly pavement construction practices. These binders exhibit enhanced performance qualities, reduced environmental effects, and the potential for cost savings. This review highlights the feasibility and benefits of WVO-modified asphalt binders as a sustainable choice for the construction industry, paving the way for more environmentally conscious and economically viable pavement construction approaches.