In this paper, the intelligent sensing technology of unmanned trucks in large metal open-pit mines is studied in detail. First, according to the operating environment and characteristics of unmanned trucks in open-pit mines, the application requirements and challenges of unmanned driving technology are analyzed. Then, intelligent sensing technology for open-pit trucks, including environment sensing, obstacle detection and recognition and accurate positioning technology, was developed. In addition, this paper discusses various challenges faced in practical applications, such as the impact of harsh environmental conditions on sensor performance, real-time data processing needs and other issues, and how to improve sensor robustness in complex environments is an important research direction. To solve these problems, technical means such as image enhancement, data fusion and multisensor collaboration are discussed. The objective of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the wide application of unmanned open-pit mine trucks by conducting in-depth research on intelligent perception technology for unmanned open-pit mine trucks.