Climate change-induced biotic and abiotic stressors negatively affect the growth and development of plants, posing a serious threat to agricultural productivity. Root exudates comprises of organic compounds that can directly or indirectly assist in stress tolerance by recruiting or suppressing rhizomicrobiota. Diverse range of metabolites such as amino acids, aliphatic acids, proteins, sugars, flavonoids, or fatty acids secreted by roots in the rhizosphere play a significant role as nutrients or signals and can alter microbial community under stress conditions. Chemical composition, exudation pattern, and interaction of root exudate with microbe determines positive and negative crosstalk in this synergy and aids the plant with enhanced resource use efficiency. This chapter highlights the substantial gap in our understanding of this crosstalk, its significance, and potential application, particularly in addressing stress regimes that can open new avenues to sustainable and climate-smart agriculture.