The rhizosphere is considered the most intricate microbial environment. Interactions between plants and microbes and various processes in the rhizosphere are vital for improving plant resilience to environmental disturbances. These interactions contribute to sustaining or restoring ecosystem productivity and help address climate change by promoting ecosystems that retain soil carbon for extended durations. This can be achieved by understanding, predicting, and controlling the structure and function of the rhizosphere. This chapter examines methods for enhancing plant productivity and health by modifying plants and the microbes connected to their roots. Rhizosphere engineering can help alter the pH of the rhizosphere, improve nutrient availability, provide protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, and promote the growth of plants. To inhibit the synthesis of stress-induced hormones like ethylene, which slows down root growth, rhizobacteria that support plant growth have been modified to generate lytic enzymes and antibiotics that are effective against soilborne root infections. Plants may also choose advantageous bacteria populations through rhizosphere engineering. Certain crop species or cultivars, for instance, actively seek out and harbor populations of antibiotic-producing strains, which are important in maintaining soils that are inherently resistant to soil-borne fungal diseases. Soil amendments can also improve the fitness of root-associated bacterial communities, which has led to the emergence of bacterial consortia that are resistant to bacterial diseases. In addition, plants can be deliberately modified to affect the bacteria that are connected with them. The intricate chemical and biological interactions that take place in the rhizosphere will continue to be better understood through powerful biotechnological advancements and new molecular tools. Therefore, the strategies used to engineer the rhizosphere are extensive and productive, significantly increasing the sustainability of agricultural systems. This chapter highlights significant knowledge gaps in rhizosphere science and discusses how a mechanistic understanding of rhizosphere interactions can be applied in rhizosphere engineering efforts.