This chapter explores the integration of behavioral science and agricultural economics to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. It examines how behavioral interventions, such as nudges, can complement existing regulations and economic incentives for farmers and consumers to make environmentally friendly choices. Drawing on international examples, it highlights field experiments in Europe and the United States that use nudges, such as social norms and default settings, to influence farmer behavior. While there have been notable successes, especially in reducing irrigation and promoting conservation, challenges remain in applying these approaches to agri-environmental policies, particularly due to difficulties in data collection and implementation. The chapter also discusses consumer behavior change, focusing on promoting sustainable food choices, such as plant-based proteins. Evidence from experiments on dietary interventions, including information framing and incentives, underscores the potential of combining behavioral nudges with traditional education efforts. Ultimately, this chapter emphasizes the need for rigorous policy evaluations, greater integration of experimental research in policy development, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to achieve sustainable agricultural and consumption systems. The findings aim to contribute to better policy formulation, bridging the gap between behavioral science insights and effective environmental outcomes in agriculture.