This chapter provides a brief introduction to various sub-disciplines of rock mechanics, including rock damage mechanics, rock fracture mechanics, rock dynamics, coupled processes in rock masses, and uncertainty of mechanical parameters of rock mass. It reviews relevant concepts, experimental measurement methods, and research progress in these areas. Additionally, this chapter briefly discusses the specific applications of machine learning in predicting rock mechanical properties, analyzing rock engineering stability, forecasting dynamic disasters of rock mass, and optimizing construction parameters for rock masses. It systematically reviews commonly used machine learning models in the field of rock mechanics, introduces model hyperparameters, and outlines their advantages and disadvantages.