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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as significant regulators of gene expression, playing a vital role in cancer biology and several other diseases. These small non-coding RNAs modulate many cellular activities, including differentiation, cell cycle advancement and metabolism, by obstructing protein translation or facilitating mRNA decay. Dysregulation of miRNA is a characteristic of cancer, wherein modified miRNA expression facilitates tumour initiation, development and metastasis. miRNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors, based on the circumstance, rendering them pivotal in tumour biology. As tumour suppressors, miRNAs can obstruct carcinogenic pathways and preserve normal cellular functioning, so preventing excessive proliferation. Their dysregulation impacts essential pathways, resulting in unregulated cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and additional cancer-associated characteristics. The predictive and prognostic capabilities of miRNAs, along with their function as tumour suppressors, highlight their importance in diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. As investigations into miRNA biology progress, miRNA-based approaches provide the potential for enhanced cancer therapy and illness management.

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Predictive and Prognostic Relevance of miRNAs in Cancers and Other Diseases

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Raksa Arun,
  • T. L. Vasanth Kanth,
  • K. Vanshika,
  • Danyal Reyaz,
  • P. Kruthika,
  • R. Keerthivasu,
  • V. Janitri,
  • K. N. Arul Jothi

摘要

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as significant regulators of gene expression, playing a vital role in cancer biology and several other diseases. These small non-coding RNAs modulate many cellular activities, including differentiation, cell cycle advancement and metabolism, by obstructing protein translation or facilitating mRNA decay. Dysregulation of miRNA is a characteristic of cancer, wherein modified miRNA expression facilitates tumour initiation, development and metastasis. miRNAs can act as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors, based on the circumstance, rendering them pivotal in tumour biology. As tumour suppressors, miRNAs can obstruct carcinogenic pathways and preserve normal cellular functioning, so preventing excessive proliferation. Their dysregulation impacts essential pathways, resulting in unregulated cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and additional cancer-associated characteristics. The predictive and prognostic capabilities of miRNAs, along with their function as tumour suppressors, highlight their importance in diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. As investigations into miRNA biology progress, miRNA-based approaches provide the potential for enhanced cancer therapy and illness management.