With advancements in biology and sensor technology, neuroscience, particularly electroencephalograph (EEG) technology, has seen significant developments and applications in the field of space emotion perception. EEG technology records brain electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. The signals collected by these electrodes reflect the brain’s activity status and are utilized for studying cognition, diagnosing diseases, and more. EEG technology has revolutionized the measurement of human emotions within space contexts by providing preliminary insights into human space cognition. Traditional methods, such as subjective survey questionnaires and field visits, are characterized by high levels of subjectivity, instability, and delays, which significantly undermine the objectivity, accuracy, and real-time nature of emotion recording. In contrast, EEG technology offers real-time and objective feedback on changes in space elements, effectively guiding designers to enhance space quality and improve user satisfaction and well-being within these spaces.