Plants and microbes are key players in carbon cycling and sequestration, which has critical implications for the Earth’s climate and the global carbon balance. The carbon cycle provides a balance between carbon fixation processes such as photosynthesis, and carbon release processes such as respiration. Carbon cycling involves the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere, plants, soil, and the oceans. Similarly, carbon sequestration involves long-term storage of carbon in various natural reservoirs, preventing its release into the atmosphere. The organic matter from the plant vegetation such as leaves, branches, and roots is incorporated into the soil. Some of it decomposes rapidly; however, a substantial portion is transformed into a more stable form of organic matter, such as humus. Cumulative evaluation and understanding their interplay are crucial in addressing climate change and developing sustainable environmental solutions for the mitigation of global warming and its impact. Over the past decades, there has been an unprecedented rise in the global average temperature of the Earth, critically threatening the livelihood of marginal communities and displacement of human population across the globe. A minimal increase in the average global temperature is likely to lead to disastrous climate conditions along with a loss of biological diversity. Therefore, finding and implementing effective long-term sustainable mitigation measures are the keys to address these challenges which are mainly the outcome of anthropogenic activities. To achieve the long-term objectives of natural carbon sequestration, the role of soil microorganisms is paramount and can be central to the mitigation of climate change and global warming.