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With global warming, drought stress is the most important abiotic factor limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Water scarcity is increasing due to low rainfall frequency and high frequency of dry spells. Drought stress disrupts soil fertility, reduces soil microbial populations (SMPs), fails in some microbial activities and nutrient cycling, changes physiology and morphology, and produces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in reduced crop yields and economic losses. Different soil and root microbial communities play an important role in plant adaptation to water deprivation. Rhizosphere and endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and fungi in response to drought, as these communities could survive under water-deficient conditions through which they can benefit plants. These beneficial microbial communities (BMC) signal drought tolerance by producing volatile compounds (VCs), phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, salicylic acids, cytokinin, abscisic acid, exopolysaccharides (EPS), low molecular weight osmolytes, proline, proline, other amino acids, organic acids, citrulline, polyamines, and some enzymes act as antioxidants and reduce the harmful effects of dehydration. In this review, we discuss an overview of drought stress in plants, its impact on plant resistance mechanisms (PRM), and how to manage them, including the role of soil microorganisms (SMs) in coping with drought stress (DS).

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Plant Responses to Drought Stress and Interactions with the Root Microbiome for Sustainable Agriculture

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nitin Baliyan,
  • Sandhya Dhiman,
  • Kamal Prasad,
  • Sudhakaran Rajasekaran,
  • Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari

摘要

With global warming, drought stress is the most important abiotic factor limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Water scarcity is increasing due to low rainfall frequency and high frequency of dry spells. Drought stress disrupts soil fertility, reduces soil microbial populations (SMPs), fails in some microbial activities and nutrient cycling, changes physiology and morphology, and produces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in reduced crop yields and economic losses. Different soil and root microbial communities play an important role in plant adaptation to water deprivation. Rhizosphere and endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and fungi in response to drought, as these communities could survive under water-deficient conditions through which they can benefit plants. These beneficial microbial communities (BMC) signal drought tolerance by producing volatile compounds (VCs), phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, salicylic acids, cytokinin, abscisic acid, exopolysaccharides (EPS), low molecular weight osmolytes, proline, proline, other amino acids, organic acids, citrulline, polyamines, and some enzymes act as antioxidants and reduce the harmful effects of dehydration. In this review, we discuss an overview of drought stress in plants, its impact on plant resistance mechanisms (PRM), and how to manage them, including the role of soil microorganisms (SMs) in coping with drought stress (DS).