Nanocellulose is an example of natural-based material with a promising characteristic that makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. The cutting-edge properties of this bio-based material have gained attention toward the development of eco-friendly adhesives using nanocellulose. The primary composition of nanocellulose which is cellulose renders this material renewable since it can be extracted from various types of lignocellulosic materials and yet biodegradable. High mechanical strength, lightweight, and high surface area are the key points that distinguish nanocellulose compared to the polymeric or petroleum-based adhesives. This chapter discusses the previous and ongoing research efforts in optimizing nanocellulose-based wood adhesives with the aim to minimize the dependency to the formaldehyde-based adhesive in a wood panel industry.