The enhancement of education on AI has been emphasized, and the development of problem-solving skills using AI has become a more important issue. It has been pointed out that there is a relationship between AI skills and computational thinking (CT) skills, and a curriculum should be set up to enhance both AI and CT skills. However, concerns about AI, such as its negative impact on society, may have a negative impact on problem-solving. Therefore, to enhance AI and CT education, it is effective to understand learners’ concerns about AI and CT and focus on their relationship. In this study, we clarified students’ concerns about AI and examined how these concerns affect CT. The results revealed that concerns about AI, especially those related to socioeconomic changes and their impact on humans, significantly affect students’ CT skills. This underscores the need for a curriculum that addresses the ethical and social impacts of AI alongside the development of technical skills.