In order to investigate the effect of static eccentricity on the damping characteristics of squeeze film damper, a bidirectional excitation experimental device was designed that can independently change the oil film radius gap, the damping characteristics of squeeze film damper under different static eccentricity ratios were studied. The experimental results indicate that as the increase of static eccentricity ratio, the critical speed of the system shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the maximum change in critical speed is about 6.8%. The peak value of resonance shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the maximum damping effect of the damper exceeds 60%. The larger the static eccentricity ratio, the more severe the distortion of the system’s shaft orbit, and it is more likely to produce a second harmonic component, which becomes more obvious as the static eccentricity ratio increases.