This survey paper provides an in-depth review of traffic signal time optimization and synchronization techniques. It compares available key methodologies, identifies research gaps, and suggests future research directions. By examining various approaches such as adaptive signal control, fixed-time control, coordinated signal systems, and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), this study aims to enhance urban traffic management through advanced signal control strategies. The paper also discusses the scalability, cost, implementation, and environmental impacts of these techniques, offering a comprehensive overview of the current state and prospects in traffic signal optimization.