The methods of image processing are of great importance in the creation, pre-processing of pictures, grouping, and segmentation and labeling of images of numerous types of specimens such as food, healthcare, automobile, and digital textual photographs. The machine processing of images is complicated since it typically requires activities like segmentation, extraction of representative characteristics, convergence, synchronization, mapping, analysis of motion, measurement of deformation, and image restoration. Any of these functions must be done entirely automatically, effectively and robustly. The accuracy of the input images is key to the performance of any task of image processing. Some measures should be taken in image processing like always hold the actual information, do not change the quality of the initial information through processing, processing may not produce information not in the initial image photos are numeric values sets that should be taken into account, accordingly, always document all production measures and report them. The better their efficiency, the smoother and easier the operations. Therefore, appropriate techniques for picture processing are necessary, such as noise reduction, geometric correction, edges and contrast improvement, or light correction. The major principles and research papers based on picture representation are reviewed in depth, and future research directions are summarized to encourage more research in this area. Considering the difficulties image processing and visualization computational methods are ideal for a number of purposes in this paper different techniques of image processing are being discussed such as image acquisition, segmentation, pre-processing, feature extraction, and image enhancement.