In order to solve the problem of random floating of extravehicular cable during astronauts’ in-orbit maintenance, this paper creatively puts forward a design scheme for a cable anti-drift device. The head and tail of the device are clamps connecting the extravehicular handrail and the extravehicular cable respectively. The middle part of the device is a semi-rigid component that can restrain the position of the cable. Furthermore, the semi-rigid components’ bending force and service life are analyzed theoretically. The bending numerical simulation is carried out by using the finite element simulation analysis method. The engineering prototype of the extravehicular cable anti-drift device is developed. The bending test under different temperature environments is carried out. According to the on-orbit maintenance condition, the ergonomic test of astronauts in pressurized spacesuits is carried out. The test results show that this design scheme can prevent free floating extravehicular cables. Further, the theoretical calculation and simulation results of bending force and life are close to the measured values. The bending force has no obvious change in the high and low temperature vacuum environment. The anti-drift device of extravehicular cable meets the ergonomics requirements of astronauts in extravehicular activities (EVA).