This study systematically comprehends the current situation and development history of green supply chain sustainability in business management and deeply discusses the strategic value, development path, practical difficulties and solutions of green supply chain management. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is a comprehensive management approach that aims to achieve economic, environmental and social sustainability by reducing resource consumption, pollution and waste emissions. In practice, companies face challenges such as the contradiction between costs and benefits, technological innovation and lag, supply chain coordination, varying regulations and standards, lack of consumer awareness, and green material supply. To cope with these difficulties, this paper puts forward strategic suggestions such as enhancing strategic awareness, optimizing supplier selection, strengthening internal green management, enhancing environmental information disclosure, establishing green cooperation mechanisms and improving incentive mechanisms and regulations. Through in-depth research and continuous practice, enterprises can achieve more significant green supply chain management results and inject new momentum for sustainable development.