In recent years, while pursuing economic benefits, enterprises often overlook the environmental issues arising from their activities, which poses significant risks to their sustainable development. ESG, which stands for Environmental, Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governance, plays a crucial role in the green economy. It calls for companies to achieve win-win outcomes for stakeholders, actively undertake various social responsibilities, and integrate economic and social values. However, many companies remain concerned that investing in the ESG domain might adversely affect their profitability. Therefore, is there a relationship between ESG and a company’s profitability data? This study aims to explore the impact of ESG on corporate profitability. We conducted an in-depth analysis of sample data from the SSE 50 companies, using the DuPont analysis method and standardizing the data to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the research results.