China’s ascent in the global industrial chain is a remarkable story that has captivated the world. From the bold experiments of Reform and Opening Up to the historic turning point of joining the WTO and active participation in Sino-U.S. multilateral trade, China has demonstrated both wisdom and determination. The prowess of China’s supply chain originates from possessing the world’s most efficient and extensive workforce. Through an outsourcing model, China swiftly absorbs and transforms international advanced technologies, attracting massive foreign investment and technological spillover through multilateral trade. Today, China stands as a central node in the global supply network, dominating key industries like electronics and new energy vehicles. It boasts the world’s leading digital ecosystem and a digitized supply chain, showcasing unparalleled supply chain resilience. China’s rise possesses unique Chinese characteristics while aligning with general historical patterns. In this chapter, we will delve into a detailed analysis of China’s supply chain development, the current challenges and opportunities it faces, and its impact and significance on the global economy.