From the assembly lines of Ford to Tesla’s Gigafactories, automation technology is revolutionizing global manufacturing. It not only enhances production efficiency and product quality but also minimizes energy consumption. As the world’s largest consumer of robots, with the highest annual increment of robots, China demonstrates immense potential in the field of industrial automation. The development of automation technology has also brought resilience to the supply chain, effectively mitigating disruptions caused by labor shortages. On the other hand, automation has profound implications for the labor market. It reshapes the distribution of skills, putting jobs with programmable and repetitive tasks at the mid-to-low end at risk of displacement, while complementing higher-end positions. Therefore, the exacerbation of social inequality is a critical concern that needs attention as we advance in the process of automation.