Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an annual or perennial flowering plant which belongs to the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. The genus is monotypic and belongs to the sub-tribe Ricininae. It’s a shrubby, suckering plant that attends the elevation of 6–12 m because of its fast-growing nature. It is cultivated throughout the globe in order to obtain non-edible oil for its increased demand in various industries, viz., pharmaceutical, fertilizer, cosmetics, soap, etc., and most recently in a fuel industry as a significant future possibility for the manufacture of biodiesel. Now that the crop has gained widespread notice as a future cultivation remedy for the whole area of tropic and sub-tropic, fulfilling the need of cash crops with affordable inputs and profitable returns. The ability of crop to resist the drought and tolerate every soil type including marginal soil facilitates establishing on the cultivated land and yields approx nine tons of oil hectare−1. There is tremendous expansion in the consumption and demand of its oil in the global market recently, guaranteed by seven hundred pulse uses, such as medicine, cosmetics, plastics, lubricants to biodiesel. This chapter was written to facilitate the good botanical description, detailed ecology, its geological distribution, cultivation techniques, pest and disease management, high yielding cultivars, and Ricinus yield.