Synergistic Techniques for Landmass Movement Detection: A Review towards Sustainable Slope Stability Monitoring
摘要
The lives of people, infrastructure, and economic stability are seriously threatened by compromised slope stability. This review explores various techniques used for landmass movement detection, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The paper emphasises on the importance of accurate and timely detection of unstable slopes for effective risk mitigation and early warning systems. Traditional methods like field surveys and topographic mapping are obsolete but crucial for understanding baseline conditions. Satellite-based remote sensing techniques like Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) offer vast area coverage and can detect subtle ground deformations, enabling rapid response strategies. Ground-based sensor networks with real-time monitoring capabilities complement these methods for slope stability assessment. Satellite-based detection methods using techniques like Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) offer valuable insights for researchers to select and deploy monitoring suited for specific unstable slopes. Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising ground movement detection by enabling seamless sensor-to-central data connectivity for real-time monitoring and analysis. The accuracy of detection of landmass movement is increasing with advancements in detection techniques. Remotely sensed methods provide advantages like remotely detecting movement in difficult terrain but come with shortcomings in real-time measurement. Methods based on sensors and IoT are better suited for real-time monitoring, but devices are comparatively costly and difficult to install. It is suggested that research towards ensemble systems can solve the problem with real-time forecasting of upcoming geohazards and provide a sustainable solution for landslide problems in hilly regions.