A detailed fieldwork study and proper analyses of groundwater of Damodar river basin, India were conducted. The paper includes the analysis of heavy metal (HM) plus other hydrochemical factors in the groundwater of the Damodar basin. The heavy metal pollution indices (HMPI) were computed for considering the exposure of copper, zinc, manganese, arsenic, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, mercury, iron and chromium. The analysis shows that Durgapur and Asansol are the most polluted zones in the Damodar basin. Zinc, arsenic, and chromium were present more in the southeast region of the Durgapur industrial zone groundwater. Cobalt, nickel and mercury are present more in this city also. The HPMI value is greater than 400, indicating that the groundwater of Durgapur cities’ industrial areas is under a critical zone. Conversely, the authors advised large Strict control and effective administration of HMs monitoring.