Migration is a very important component of urbanisation, particularly the one from rural to urban areas. Compared to the rural to urban migration, the urban to urban migration is inconsequential from the point of view of urban growth even though increasing over time as urbanisation is mainly driven by rural to urban migration. This chapter highlights trends, regional patterns, streams, reasons and characteristics of rural to urban migration. This chapter also discusses opportunities and challenges of migration to urban areas and policy issues for the protection of migrants.