Hybridization in Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition of Titanium Alloys: A Review
摘要
Wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) of titanium alloys represents a cutting-edge and versatile additive manufacturing process that has garnered attention for its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and applicability to large-scale production. In comparison to traditional subtractive manufacturing methods, WA-DED's layer-by-layer additive process significantly reduces lead times. Titanium alloys are particularly well-suited for WA-DED due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and suitability for aerospace and biomedical applications. However, adopting conventional WA-DED methods has faced challenges due to the increasing demand for intricate, high-quality products. The hybridization of the WA-DED approach combines traditional additive manufacturing methods with specialized techniques to address these challenges and optimize the production of components. Hence, this article explores the hybridization methods utilized in WA-DED for titanium alloys. Hybridization techniques contribute to the production of high-quality titanium alloy components with enhanced properties and functionality. Processes such as laser shock peening and ultrasonic impact treatment refine the microstructure, leading to improved mechanical properties and heightened performance in titanium alloy components. Precision control is achieved through techniques like CNC machining, ensuring that the deposited material adheres precisely to specified specifications. Laser shock peening aids in managing residual stresses within the manufactured components, a critical aspect of preventing deformation and cracking in titanium alloys. Hybridization facilitates more efficient material usage by incorporating methods like inter-pass cold rolling and hot wire, optimizing material deposition, minimizing waste, and reducing costs. Finally, the future scope of hybridization in WA-DED of titanium alloys suggests advancements in process optimization, material combinations, microstructure tailoring, monitoring technologies, automation, and expanded industrial applications.