3D concrete printing (3DCP) is transforming the construction industry with its efficiency, sustainability, and design freedom. This review explores the technology’s core principles, including hardware, software, and calibration, as well as the diverse range of materials used. It covers post-printing processes like curing and finishing for structural integrity and aesthetics. Despite significant advantages, challenges such as high upfront costs, material limitations, and technological complexities exist. Regulatory constraints and quality control hurdles also need attention. Addressing these challenges through research and innovation is crucial for unlocking the technology’s full potential. This review serves as a guide for professionals, researchers, and policymakers, emphasizing 3DCP’s transformative potential and the need for continued development to overcome existing limitations.