Disruptive innovation theory is a vital framework for explaining how new entrants and latecomers can achieve leapfrogging development. Notable events in modern business practice involving the rise and fall of enterprises are closely linked to disruptive innovation (Christensen et al., 2018). In the current era of digitalization, ecologicalization, and innovation globalization, it is worth further exploring and developing the environmental conditions, theoretical premises, and assumptions of disruptive innovation theory. This chapter reviews disruptive innovation theory and its progress in entrepreneurship research, investigating the context, elements, and processes of innovation-driven entrepreneurship to further advance the application of disruptive innovation theory in the field of innovation-driven entrepreneurship research.