This chapter explains the focus and justification needed for this book. It begins by questioning the authenticity of the prosperity we perceive in the contemporary world. For this, it shows the widening inequalities in today’s world and argues on the ways in which it challenges the health and wellbeing of billions of people, especially impoverished people. It then presents the arguments for examining health and wellbeing from various perspectives. It discusses nature as an important concept, idea, and practical framework from South Asian perspectives, integrating it into the discourse of health and wellbeing. We challenge the dominant Euro-North American epistemology and stress the importance of having epistemological freedom, which allows ancient and diverse philosophical traditions to flourish and improve health and wellbeing. We briefly highlight the ways in which the philosophical traditions of South Asia relate to nature and emphasize a strong understanding of the oneness of everything on our planet Earth. This is very different from the utilitarian environmental ethics of Euro-North America, which divides good and bad. Following this, this chapter discusses uncertainty and danger, which are part of life, emphasizing South Asian philosophical understandings. Then, there is a brief explanation of traditional medical systems in South Asia. Based on the authors’ experiences, this chapter also discusses this book’s methodological approach, which is mainly based on accidental ethnography and narrative literature review. Before explaining the flow of this book, this chapter establishes arguments to justify the book and what this book is not about.