The development of technique and technology changes the way and level of application of information technologies in almost all spheres of society, including science. With the idea of applying modern technologies in the scientific research process in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional science, decentralized science was born. Decentralized science emphasizes the transformation of the traditional approach to the scientific process, using decentralized technologies. The main characteristics of decentralized science are transparency, collaborative engagement, the absence of centralized control and open access. In order for such a concept to be functional and long-term sustainable, it is necessary to provide a suitable environment. In this paper, the IT ecosystem that supports the concept of decentralized science and enables its functioning is presented. By analyzing the system’s architecture and infrastructure, and defining the roles and interactions of various stakeholders, the key components that enable the effective functioning of this ecosystem are elucidated. The ecosystem should provide an environment in which it is possible, with the help of innovative solutions, to overcome the difficulties the scientific community is facing. A comprehensive overview of the ecosystem for decentralized science is presented, which enables an understanding of the functioning of the system, provides a basis for future development, as well as an assessment of its implications for broader scientific approaches.