This chapter has been prepared specifically to assist human beings with a fascination for scientific and natural science in addition to fundamental concepts of water quality degradation that are crucial to sustainable management of running water and aquatic environments. Pollution is an essential issue that influences groundwater quality and the composition of other aquatic habitats in running water systems. Running water accounts for rainwater pollution associated with wet and dry precipitation and groundwater contamination by various sources of natural and anthropogenic phenomenon. However, limited attention has been given to performance knowledge of running water quality monitoring initiatives. This chapter aims to concentrate on groundwater contamination, rainfall pollution, and types of running water that have been addressed. Thus, the water quality enhancement project regarding running water significantly contributes to the effective oversight of initial groundwater and rainfall contamination, which will improve water quality and function as a practical technical benchmark for managing sustainable water resources and ecological environments.