Nanotechnology represents a new way to address the costs of improving global warming via novel applications across industries. This chapter focuses on how nanotechnology might provide game-changing solutions to some of the biggest challenges in climate change. Before launching into the specifics of nanotechnology, it opens with a primer on what is known about controlling things at the scale of molecules and atoms. This chapter also examines some nanohyped eco-themes that seem virtually certain to slash greenhouse gases (GHGs) and boost the efficiency of energy technologies, as well as prompting a string of sustainable behaviors. Case examples illustrate the successful engineering of nanomaterials for carbon capture and storage facilities, efficient catalytic processes, and renewable energy production. A critical evaluation is also provided for the safety and environmental implications of nanotechnology applications. By harnessing the potential of nanotechnology, this chapter underscores its pivotal role in advancing global efforts toward a more sustainable and resilient future amidst the challenges posed by climate change.