The development of philosophy in India has not been a dramatic departure from the mythic, but rather an ongoing, self-aware reflection on and improvement of the insights gained within it. This led to the philosophical endeavour taking the form of elucidating and unfolding the vision of the Universal One (ekam), the cosmic order of things (rtam), the Universal Self (Atman), etc. It is not comprehensible through speech, thought, or vision. “He is” is the only way to understand it. Up to twenty-four different value contenders are identified in the first section of the chapter, which also examines the idea of self-realization as the top contender. These twenty-four value contenders are grouped under six tables: Values for creativity and enterprise, values for well-being, values for satisfying appetites, values for sensual pleasures, values for communal living, and values for fulfilment. Consequently, it is evident that the Upanishadic Rishis’ philosophical understanding and perspective on things and objects served as the foundation for their conception of value. Therefore, rather than pursuing self-advancement, the Rishis have aimed to promote the advancement of the self. Alternatively, they have aimed to move from the subjective individualism of phenomenally experienced entities to values that are held by the collective. They proposed that the Self, a higher entity, is the ultimate value candidate and that the highest metaphysical absolute is the realization of that Self. In their quest for the ultimate value, they implicitly applied a single, all-encompassing criterion that progressed from material belongings to moral excellences, intellectual (knowledge) excellences, and finally to self-realization as the ultimate desired value. According to the Upanishads’ transcendental axiology, all other values must be trans-valued in the Light of spiritual reality and integrated with it. As a result, the Upanishads’ description of Reality as a consciousness of Bliss known as self-realization has ramifications for its axiological significance in daily life.