Researchers have discovered a novel class of RNA molecules that are modified by the addition of carbohydrates, a process known as glycosylation. These molecules, aptly termed “glycan-RNAs,” are found on the surfaces of cells. To fully appreciate the significance and potential applications of glycan-RNAs, it is essential to start with a foundational understanding of both RNA and the glycosylation process. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays crucial roles in the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded and can fold into complex three-dimensional shapes, enabling it to participate in a vast array of cellular functions, from acting as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, to regulating gene expression itself. Glycosylation, on the other hand, involves the enzymatic process that attaches glycans (sugar molecules) to proteins, lipids, or other organic molecules. This modification can alter the physical properties and functions of the original molecule, affecting processes such as protein folding, recognition, and signaling. In the context of RNA, glycosylation could similarly impact the molecule’s stability, its interactions with other cellular components, and its overall function. Following this introduction to the basic principles, we delve into more specific discussions on the identification and further development of glycoRNAs. This includes techniques used to detect these molecules, their biological implications, and the potential therapeutic applications they might hold. Understanding glycoRNAs could open new avenues in biomedical research, offering insights into novel regulatory mechanisms in cells and potentially leading to breakthroughs in disease treatment and diagnostics.