Circular Economy Approach to Lignocellulosic Integrated Biorefineries
摘要
The evolution to a sustainable, bio-based economy necessitates innovative strategies and approaches for resource utilization, particularly in the processing of renewable lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). LCB integrated biorefineries transform agro biomass waste, forestry residues, and organic waste into value-added products including biofuels, biochemicals, and platform chemicals for biomaterials within the circular economy framework. Closed loop systems created using innovative and advanced combinatorial processing technologies convert waste streams from one process to serve as feedstock for another, thereby minimizing resource input and reducing waste generation. Valorisation and product recovery processes maximize the use of cellulose, hemicellulose (HC), and lignin fractions into valuable intermediates that make the process economically viable. Life cycle analysis is introduced as a critical tool for evaluating carbon footprint, energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and resource depletion across the production chain. Policy incentives and cross-sector collaborations form key factors for LCB integrated biorefineries based fostering of sustainable bioeconomy for local stakeholder, driving decarbonization, and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources while supporting regeneration of natural ecosystems.