The growing demand for alternate source of energy has made uranium the most sought mineral in the world. Mining for this naturally occurring energy-rich element has increased in the last 60 years and thus has made uranium pollution an emerging environmental hazard. Previously, physical remediation and chemical remediation have been used in cleaning up of uranium-contaminated sites, but emerging technologies such as bioremediation have been utilized for the same. The use of microorganism for remediation of uranium-contaminated sites has received widespread attention for its cost-effectiveness and environmental-friendly approaches. Bioremediation of uranium-contaminated sites can be carried out by either employing the indigenous microbes from the contaminated sites or adding novel microbes that possess intrinsic bioremediation properties. Bioremediation of U-contaminated site depends on the speciation of uranium, nature of contaminated site, and their associated physicochemical properties of those sites. Furthermore, understanding the microbial community structure and their function is a crucial factor for successful bioremediation of uranium-contaminated sites.