Hydrocarbon contamination poses a serious environmental threat, and bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites using the geomicrobiology approach involves utilizing microorganisms to degrade, transform, or stabilize organic and inorganic contaminants, particularly hydrocarbons present in soil, groundwater, or other geological materials. This approach utilizes the understanding of microbial communities and their interaction with geological conditions to optimize bioremediation strategies. Geomicrobiology helps identify native hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, optimize environmental conditions for their activity, and understand degradation pathways. Based on this knowledge, bioremediation strategies like biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and bioventing can be tailored. Bioremediation offers advantages like cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and in situ treatment. Challenges include the complexities of the subsurface environment and recalcitrant hydrocarbons. Future directions involve optimizing bioremediation for diverse geological settings and engineering microbes to tackle persistent contaminants.