Biomimetic implants utilize treatment modalities based on healing mechanisms that already exist. Bone is a complex tissue, being rigid and tough physically and, at the same time, provides a microenvironment that can support a cellular milieu capable of regenerating the same tissue from scratch. This chapter dwells on the details of the composite anatomy of cortical and cancellous bone, emphasizing its microstructure. The physiology of healing is discussed, which relies on the Diamond principle, which lists down multiple mechanisms that integrate to result in the formation of a regenerate. Important mechanical attributes such as anisotropy and Young’s Modulus that pose a challenge to mimic are described in brief. Shortcomings of currently available implant options, such as metallic implants and biodegradable implants, are mentioned. Finally, the principles of newly emerging biomimetic modalities are described, and a brief account of the implants that are based on them is provided.