The world population is expected to reach more than 9.8 billion by 2050. Population in the world is currently growing at a rate of around 1.05% per year. This burgeoning population particularly in developing countries is a matter of concern for social, economic, and environmental reasons in terms of providing food, shelter, and life. The challenge of dealing with an ever-increasing population has been dealt with largely by conventional medicine using different methods of contraception such as oral contraceptive pills, intrauterine contraceptive devices, and barrier devices. These devices, techniques, and drugs seem to have been efficiently practiced for contraception but with many reported adverse effects as well as failure resulting in unwanted pregnancy. Economical and safe alternative medicine for contraception could be Ayurvedic medicine. There are thousands of Ayurvedic formulations in the literature, and over 1100 constituents are linked to specific medicinal techniques, including reproduction. This chapter highlights the use of Ayurvedic herbs and plants involved in polyherbal formulations as contraceptive agents.