The purpose of this chapter is to reveal the process and characteristics of the growth in the use of modern contraceptive methods in a central Laotian farming village, as well as to consider the social context and background against which that spread took place. In the village that is the subject of this study, the birth rate has fallen since the second half of the 1990s, and the average number of births per woman has been declining as well. It is essential to examine the spread of the use of modern contraceptive methods when seeking to understand such changes. It has become evident that most women in the studied village use such methods, the use of which spread starting in the second half of the 1990s. Meanwhile, in understanding the societal context that led to this spread, a key point is the Lao government’s family planning program that began in 1996. Many women may have begun to use contraceptive methods because of this program. However, a considerable number of women had started using it before this point, the trigger for which can be identified as working abroad in Thailand.