The microstructure, texture and grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) of Fe-10Cr low-chromium ferritic stainless steel after different heat treatment processes were investigated. After heat treatment at 1073 K for different time, the strength of α-fiber texture is lower than γ-fiber texture. The fractions of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and low Σ coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries have no obvious change. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the formation of martensite makes the strength of α-fiber texture stronger than γ-fiber texture. The fraction of low Σ CSL grain boundaries slightly increases, meanwhile, the proportion of LAGBs obviously increase and reaches 32.8% in the sample annealing at 1143 K for 3 min. The enhancement of α-fiber texture and LAGBs are closely related to the occurrence of martensite transformation.