Due to processing technology, storage environment, and other reasons, composite laminates will produce the phenomenon of the mechanical properties of materials not being completely consistent, which is generally called material dispersion. This paper investigates the impact performance of composite laminates and the effect of material dispersion. The laminates are subjected to different impact energies, and the pit depth and width are measured. The results show that the pit depth oscillates strongly in a specific range of energy as compared to the relatively low or high energy. The normalized frequency histogram of the pit depth coefficient within the specific energy range is generated and fitted with three representative models— Gaussian distribution, Weibull distribution, and Extreme value distribution. The results show that the Gaussian model performs significantly better than the other two models. In addition to the formation of pits, composite laminates can also experience splitting upon impact. Splitting consumes a portion of the impact energy, resulting in shallower pits in laminates with splits. The impact energy and the dispersion of the material influence the occurrence of splitting. Splitting becomes more prevalent as the impact energy increases. Splitting further amplifies the dispersion of in-depth values and contributes to the variations in pit depth.