In order to study the damage characteristics of aluminum alloy damaged specimens repaired by cold spraying, microstructure, and re-extension fatigue test of repaired specimens, static and fatigue tests and corresponding detection were carried out on the prepared specimens. The results show that cold spraying has a dense microstructure and low porosity. The cold spray layer is a brittle fracture during fatigue. The damage test of cold spraying showed three kinds of damage stratification, crack expansion of matrix and crack of cold spraying layer. The research work will provide certain technical support for the further engineering application of cold spraying repair technology for aviation aluminum alloy.