The integration of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing with horizontal well technology is pivotal for the efficient development of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, significantly increasing the reservoir's drainage volume and enhancing the productivity of individual wells. This study introduces a gas–water two-phase numerical simulation model specifically designed for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs with multi-stage and multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells. A novel fine fracturing strategy has been developed, accounting for variations in fracture length and the non-uniform distribution of fractures. Using the orthogonal experimental design method, various fracture distribution scenarios were simulated, optimized for fracturing parameters, and their effectiveness was validated against actual horizontal well completion and production dynamics. The study identifies optimal parameters for horizontal wells, suggesting a horizontal section length of 1400–1600 m and 14–16 fracturing stages. The optimal fracture distribution pattern is marked by a “dense at both ends and sparse in the middle” stage spacing of 80–110 m, coupled with a “longer in the middle and shorter at both ends” fracture half-length of 100–140 m, and a fracture conductivity of 30 μm2 cm. These results have been corroborated through their implementation in horizontal well development within the study area. The research approach and methodology provide essential theoretical guidance for the strategic design of hydraulic fracturing operations and underscore the importance of integrating geological and engineering practices for the development of similar unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.